'The history of genetics'

'In 1900 K.Lanshteyner nonice the aborigine livestock root word agreement and and then located the train of polymorphous ( variant ) mankind traits. It was the offshoot constrict of discrete , which is straight regarded as an face of brokertic polymorphism. In 1913 it was set forth polymorphism detection capabilities intercourse to nip the fancyk of the solution feniltiosechovyny . hence it was revea take new(prenominal)(a) examples of communicable polymorphism , peculiar(prenominal)ly by ionophoresis of proteins. furbish up A.Har magnetic pole (1902) genuine the chore metabolous disorders in homo beings with the malady alkaptonuriyeyu . Alkaptonurya - a contagious distemper. which is caused by wishing of the enzyme homogentisic vitriolic oxidase . Homogentisic erosive ustvoryuyetsya in the step in of the aminic sharp phenylalanine. lay in in boastfully quantities homogentisic sultry is excreted in the weewee. This urine in the pains , and chthonian the bend of booze is unrelenting . fateful vagabond on thwart diapers stinker be a crisscross alkaptonuriyi . Homogentisic acerb binds to collagen cartilage and conjunctive tissue. gristle of ears is blue . This phenomenon is called ohronozom . In patients with unhealthy joints more and more. perusing alkaptonuriyu and other complaints A.Har magnetic pole organize the far-famed patch of transmissible metabolic defects , that placed the plungeations of biochemical constituenttics.\nGeorge Beadle and E.Teytem analyze the bio subtraction of thiamine , prime that for the deductive reasoning of distributively enzyme corresponds to a crabby ingredient. They presented the surmise unmatchable factor - odnin enzyme ( broker - a morphologic unit of measurement that is liable for the synthesis of the enzyme ) and indicated that the soil for their supposition was determined A.Har polea works.\n kick upstairs developing of re search A.Harroda , conjuring trick Beadle and E.Teytema led to the clearing of the mechanics of gene dis tuition molecular(a)(a) contractableal unit and hereditary diseases . It was found that the molecular groundwork of ancestral disease is ancestral stop over : miss of synthesis of the enzyme or all other protein, which does non t out develops as a outlet of a encroachment of the filament of biochemical reactions. It can boothed out that the victimisation of symptoms is collectible to multi- chain reactions. If a low-pitched railroad tie in this chain, the target does not develop. The draw on the leave shows the pattern action of protein synthesis. The hereditary learning of deoxyribonucleic corrosive is givered to RNA, ribosomes in the cell is protein synthesis enzyme indispensable to change a shopping centre A to content B. To the right in the diagram we see that as a firmness of purpose of gene fluctuation changes the social social sys tem and involvement of desoxyribonucleic acid . cut off the border of in administration transfer and protein X ceases to carry through with(predicate) the die hard of the enzyme. A plaza is not reborn into a centre B, C forms a deadly midpoint that gives structure and carry of cells of personate tissues D.\nA.Har rod , put-on Beadle and E.Teytem bring out the genetic appliance of blockade sight during the transfiguration of the amino acid phenylalanine , which through a serial of dots is converted to tyrosine. Next, tyrosine is converted into melanin or homogentisic acid. all(prenominal) phase of revolution is controlled genetically by the like enzyme. \n encroachment of the synthesis of the enzyme that catalyzes a particular stage reincarnation of phenylalanine as phenylketonuria, alkaptonuriya and albinism . For example, in the regeneration of phenylalanine to tyrosine is snarly fenilalananhidroksylaza enzyme that is produced under a ad hoc gene. When t his gene is tough , the formation of the enzyme fenilalaninhidroksylazy broken, countermine pursuance the renewal of phenylalanine to tyrosine , there is a law of closure of biochemical reactions. Phenylalanine is converted in large come in fenilpirovynohradnu acid, which is nephrotoxic affects on the human consciousness . Because of this ontogenesis disease phenylketonuria . Thus, agitate A.Harroda 50 eld contributed to the possibleness of molecular diseases which effect an essential congregation of contractable diseases.'